试管婴儿的英文名叫什么

What is In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)?

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a type of assisted reproductive technology (ART) that involves the fertilization of an egg by sperm outside the body in a laboratory dish. IVF is used to help couples who are struggling with infertility to conceive a child. The process involves several steps, including ovarian stimulation, egg retrieval, fertilization, and embryo transfer.

Step 1: Ovarian Stimulation

The first step in the IVF process is ovarian stimulation. This involves the use of medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs. The medications used are usually a combination of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The goal of ovarian stimulation is to produce multiple eggs, as not all eggs will fertilize or develop into embryos.

Step 2: Egg Retrieval

Once the eggs have matured, they are retrieved from the ovaries using a needle guided by ultrasound. This procedure is usually done under sedation or general anesthesia and takes about 20-30 minutes. The retrieved eggs are then taken to the laboratory for fertilization.

Step 3: Fertilization

In the laboratory, the eggs are fertilized with sperm. This process can be done using conventional IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Conventional IVF involves mixing the eggs and sperm together in a dish and allowing them to fertilize naturally. ICSI involves the injection of a single sperm directly into an egg to fertilize it.

Step 4: Embryo Transfer

After fertilization, the embryos are allowed to develop in the laboratory for several days. The best quality embryos are selected for transfer back into the woman??s uterus. This is usually done 3-5 days after egg retrieval. The embryos are transferred using a thin catheter that is inserted through the cervix and into the uterus.

Success Rates of IVF

The success rates of IVF vary depending on a number of factors, including age, cause of infertility, and the number and quality of embryos transferred. On average, the success rate for IVF is around 30% per cycle. However, success rates can be as high as 50% for women under the age of 35.

Risks and Side Effects of IVF

Like any medical procedure, IVF carries some risks and side effects. The most common side effects of IVF include bloating, cramping, and mood swings. There is also a risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), a condition in which the ovaries become swollen and painful. More serious risks of IVF include infection, bleeding, and damage to the bladder or bowel during egg retrieval.

Conclusion

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a complex and often expensive procedure that can help couples struggling with infertility to conceive a child. While IVF carries some risks and side effects, it has helped many couples to start families that would not have been possible otherwise. If you are considering IVF, it is important to speak with your doctor to determine if it is the right option for you.